On November 17, 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York held that a company and its CEO violated Rule 21F-17 of the Exchange Act by entering into confidentiality agreements with investors that prohibited communications with the SEC, and subsequently attempting to enforce those agreements.  SEC v. Collectors Coffee Inc., No. 19-cv-4355.

Background.  As we previously reported in 2019, the SEC sued Collector’s Coffee, an online auction platform for sports memorabilia, and its CEO, for allegedly defrauding investors and impeding their communications with the SEC in violation of Rule 21F-17.  Rule 21F-17, adopted after the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act, prohibits any person from acting to “impede an individual from communicating directly with the Commission staff about a possible securities law violation, including enforcing, or threatening to enforce, a confidentiality agreement … with respect to such communications.”

As discussed in our July 2021 update, the Court previously held that Rule 21F-17 applies to investors as well as employees, finding that the broad definition of “whistleblower” under Section 21F of the Exchange Act extended its protections beyond the employer-employee context.

Ruling.  The Court declined to disturb the prior rulings, holding that the only remaining issue to be resolved is whether defendants’ conduct actually violated Rule 21F-17.  Defendants had entered into agreements with investors that expressly prohibited “communications with any regulatory agencies, such as the United States Securities and Exchange Commission …” and, in at least one instance, sued an investor for breaching this confidentiality clause.  The Court held that such actions were undoubtedly “actions to impede” prohibited by Rule 21F-17, and granted summary judgment in favor of the SEC.

Implications.  The SEC’s successful enforcement of Rule 21F-17 should serve as a reminder that companies must ensure that their agreements and confidentiality provisions include clear carve-outs allowing whistleblowing to the SEC and other regulatory agencies.

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Photo of Steven J. Pearlman Steven J. Pearlman

Steven J. Pearlman is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department, where he is Head of the Restrictive Covenants, Trade Secrets & Unfair Competition Group and Co-Head of the Whistleblowing & Retaliation Group.

Employment, Whistleblower, Restrictive Covenant and Trade Secret Practice.

Steven J. Pearlman is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department, where he is Head of the Restrictive Covenants, Trade Secrets & Unfair Competition Group and Co-Head of the Whistleblowing & Retaliation Group.

Employment, Whistleblower, Restrictive Covenant and Trade Secret Practice. Steven’s national practice focuses on defending companies in federal and state courts and arbitration against claims of: discrimination, retaliation and harassment, including claims brought by high-level executives; whistleblower retaliation; restrictive covenant violations; theft of trade secrets; and wage-and-hour violations (including class, collective and PAGA actions).

Illustrating his versatility, Steven has successfully handled bench and jury trials in multiple jurisdictions (e.g., Illinois, California, Florida and Texas); defended one of the largest Illinois-only class actions in the history of the federal courts in Chicago; and prevailed following his oral arguments before the Seventh Circuit and state appellate courts. Steven brings his litigation experience to bear in counseling clients to minimize risk and avoid or prepare for success in litigation.

Investigations. Reporting to boards of directors, their audit committees, CEOs and in-house counsel, Steven conducts sensitive investigations and has testified in federal court. His investigations have involved complaints of sexual harassment involving C-suite officers; systemic violations of employment laws and company policies; and fraud, compliance failures and unethical conduct.

Thought Leadership and Accolades. Steven was named Lawyer of the Year for Chicago Labor & Employment Litigation in the 2023 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. He was also named as One of the Top 10 Impactful Labor & Employment Lawyers in Illinois for 2023 by Business Today. He is a Fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers. Chambers describes Steven as an “outstanding lawyer” who is “very sharp and very responsive,” a “strong advocate,” and an “expert in his field.” Chambers also reports that “He is someone who can navigate the twists and turns of litigation without difficulty. Steven is great with brief-writing, crafting arguments, and making sure the client is always happy.”

Steven was 1 of 12 individuals selected by Compliance Week as a “Top Mind.” Earlier in his career, he was 1 of 5 U.S. lawyers selected by Law360 as a “Rising Star Under 40” in the area of employment law and 1 of “40 Illinois Attorneys Under Forty to Watch” selected by Law Bulletin Publishing Company. Steven is a Burton Award Winner (U.S. Library of Congress) for “Distinguished Legal Writing.”

Steven was appointed to Law360’s Employment Editorial Advisory Board and selected as a Contributor to Forbes.com. He has appeared on Bloomberg News (television and radio) and Yahoo! Finance, and is often quoted in leading publications such as The Wall Street Journal.

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has engaged Steven to serve as lead counsel on amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court and federal circuit courts of appeal. He was appointed to serve as a Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of Illinois in employment litigation matters. He has presented with the Solicitor of the DOL, the Acting Chair of the EEOC, an EEOC Commissioner, Legal Counsel to the EEOC, and heads of the SEC, CFTC and OSHA whistleblower programs. He is also a member of the Sedona Conference, focusing on trade secret matters.

In 2024, Steven received the Excellence in Pro Bono Service Award from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and the Chicago Chapter of the Federal Bar Association.

Photo of Scott Tan Scott Tan

Scott Tan is an associate in the Labor & Employment Law Department.  Scott represents employers in a variety of matters in federal and state court, arbitrations and state and local administrative proceedings.  His practice encompasses a wide range of labor and employment matters…

Scott Tan is an associate in the Labor & Employment Law Department.  Scott represents employers in a variety of matters in federal and state court, arbitrations and state and local administrative proceedings.  His practice encompasses a wide range of labor and employment matters, including employment discrimination, retaliation, breach of contract, whistleblower claims, restrictive covenants, and wage & hour claims.  Scott also counsels clients on a diverse array of employment matters, including accommodations requests, reductions-in-force, pay equity, wage and hour issues, and compliance with federal, state, and local laws.  Scott’s recent work has involved advising and representing clients across industries such as financial services, sports, news and media, healthcare, legal services, and real estate, in matters ranging from single and multi-plaintiff lawsuits to class and collective actions.

Scott has an active pro bono practice and advises non-profit organizations on employee separations and other employment issues.  He recently secured a favorable judgment in New York state court on behalf of a charitable foundation.  Scott also co-leads Proskauer’s Moot Court Program, where he introduces local high school students to appellate advocacy and coaches them to participate in an annual competition against other New York City high schools.

Scott received his J.D. from UCLA School of Law, where he served on the Moot Court Honors Board and worked as a research assistant for Professor Jennifer Mnookin and Professor Hiroshi Motomura.