On December 5, 2014, the Southern District of New York in Berman v. Neo@Ogilvy, No. 14-cv-523, ruled that an employee who complains internally about securities law violations does not qualify as a “whistleblower” under the Dodd-Frank whistleblower protection provision because that statute only protects individuals who report to the SEC.  The court followed the Fifth Circuit and diverged from prior decisions from the same district.

Background

Plaintiff alleged that he internally reported a number of transactions he believed to be unlawful, including violations of SOX and Dodd-Frank.  Shortly thereafter, his employment was terminated and, significantly, the termination occurred before he made any complaints to the SEC.

Plaintiff filed suit under the Dodd-Frank anti-retaliation provision.  Defendants moved to dismiss, arguing that he was not a “whistleblower,” as defined in Dodd-Frank, because the statute defines “whistleblower” as an individual who provides information relating to a violation of the securities law “to the Commission.”  Plaintiff, however, contended that the statute is ambiguous and argued that the court should defer to the SEC’s expansive interpretation of “whistleblower,” which includes employees who report internally.

The court noted that despite the “clear statutory language,” a number of district courts, including courts within the Southern District of New York, have carved out a “narrow exception” to Dodd-Frank’s definition of a whistleblower and deferred to the SEC’s broad interpretation.  The court, however, concluded that such decisions are unpersuasive, and it adopted the rationale espoused by the Fifth Circuit in Asadi—the only circuit court decision to address the definition of “whistleblower” under Dodd Frank.  The court reasoned that the Fifth Circuit’s decision, which rested on “fundamental principles of statutory construction,” identified a “harmonious interpretation of the statute that eliminates the purported contradiction in the Act that forms the basis of the other district court’s determination that the statute is ambiguous.”  The court further noted that “it appears to be the exception, not the rule, for Congress to grant an individual a private right of action to sue for damages arising from retaliation without requiring that individual to make contact with a federal agency first.”  Accordingly, the court granted Defendants’ motion to dismiss, stressing that “because the language of the statute unambiguously requires that the person provide information to the Commission in order to qualify as a whistleblower under the Act … plaintiff is not a whistleblower.”

Implications

The definition of a Dodd Frank “whistleblower” continues to be hotly contested in district courts outside of the Fifth Circuit.  In fact, the Berman decision shows that judges within the Southern District of New York disagree as to whether internal complaints are protected under Dodd-Frank.  As district courts continue to issue divergent decisions, we can expect more appellate courts to eventually address this issue.  As noted in our recent post, it is possible that the Third Circuit may address this issue soon in response to the SEC’s recent amicus brief.

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Photo of Steven J. Pearlman Steven J. Pearlman

Steven J. Pearlman is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department, where he is Head of the Restrictive Covenants, Trade Secrets & Unfair Competition Group and Co-Head of the Whistleblowing & Retaliation Group.

Employment, Whistleblower, Restrictive Covenant and Trade Secret Practice.

Steven J. Pearlman is a partner in the Labor & Employment Law Department, where he is Head of the Restrictive Covenants, Trade Secrets & Unfair Competition Group and Co-Head of the Whistleblowing & Retaliation Group.

Employment, Whistleblower, Restrictive Covenant and Trade Secret Practice. Steven’s national practice focuses on defending companies in federal and state courts and arbitration against claims of: discrimination, retaliation and harassment, including claims brought by high-level executives; whistleblower retaliation; restrictive covenant violations; theft of trade secrets; and wage-and-hour violations (including class, collective and PAGA actions).

Illustrating his versatility, Steven has successfully handled bench and jury trials in multiple jurisdictions (e.g., Illinois, California, Florida and Texas); defended one of the largest Illinois-only class actions in the history of the federal courts in Chicago; and prevailed following his oral arguments before the Seventh Circuit and state appellate courts. Steven brings his litigation experience to bear in counseling clients to minimize risk and avoid or prepare for success in litigation.

Investigations. Reporting to boards of directors, their audit committees, CEOs and in-house counsel, Steven conducts sensitive investigations and has testified in federal court. His investigations have involved complaints of sexual harassment involving C-suite officers; systemic violations of employment laws and company policies; and fraud, compliance failures and unethical conduct.

Thought Leadership and Accolades. Steven was named Lawyer of the Year for Chicago Labor & Employment Litigation in the 2023 edition of The Best Lawyers in America. He was also named as One of the Top 10 Impactful Labor & Employment Lawyers in Illinois for 2023 by Business Today. He is a Fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers. Chambers describes Steven as an “outstanding lawyer” who is “very sharp and very responsive,” a “strong advocate,” and an “expert in his field.” Chambers also reports that “He is someone who can navigate the twists and turns of litigation without difficulty. Steven is great with brief-writing, crafting arguments, and making sure the client is always happy.”

Steven was 1 of 12 individuals selected by Compliance Week as a “Top Mind.” Earlier in his career, he was 1 of 5 U.S. lawyers selected by Law360 as a “Rising Star Under 40” in the area of employment law and 1 of “40 Illinois Attorneys Under Forty to Watch” selected by Law Bulletin Publishing Company. Steven is a Burton Award Winner (U.S. Library of Congress) for “Distinguished Legal Writing.”

Steven was appointed to Law360’s Employment Editorial Advisory Board and selected as a Contributor to Forbes.com. He has appeared on Bloomberg News (television and radio) and Yahoo! Finance, and is often quoted in leading publications such as The Wall Street Journal.

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce has engaged Steven to serve as lead counsel on amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme Court and federal circuit courts of appeal. He was appointed to serve as a Special Assistant Attorney General for the State of Illinois in employment litigation matters. He has presented with the Solicitor of the DOL, the Acting Chair of the EEOC, an EEOC Commissioner, Legal Counsel to the EEOC, and heads of the SEC, CFTC and OSHA whistleblower programs. He is also a member of the Sedona Conference, focusing on trade secret matters.

In 2024, Steven received the Excellence in Pro Bono Service Award from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois and the Chicago Chapter of the Federal Bar Association.

Photo of Allison Martin Allison Martin

Allison Martin is a senior counsel in the Labor & Employment Law Department. Allison represents employers in a wide range of employment litigation matters, including employment discrimination, harassment and retaliation lawsuits arising under federal, state and local statutes; wage-and-hour claims; defamation and tort…

Allison Martin is a senior counsel in the Labor & Employment Law Department. Allison represents employers in a wide range of employment litigation matters, including employment discrimination, harassment and retaliation lawsuits arising under federal, state and local statutes; wage-and-hour claims; defamation and tort claims; and breach of contract claims. An experienced litigator, she has secured significant victories for clients in federal and state courts at the trial and appellate levels, as well as in arbitration tribunals. In addition to single-plaintiff cases, Allison’s practice also includes defending against nationwide class and collective action lawsuits. She also has significant experience with EEOC proceedings, including representing clients in connection with EEOC Commissioner Charges and investigations concerning alleged claims of systemic discrimination.

Allison also counsels clients on a broad range of employment matters, including advising on investigations, employment agreements, employment policies and procedures, and employee terminations and discipline. She also has significant experience conducting high-profile internal investigations involving allegations of discrimination, harassment and other workplace misconduct.

Allison has an active pro bono practice focused on criminal justice, domestic violence and animal rights issues.

Earlier in her career, Allison served as a law clerk to Magistrate Judge Katharine Parker in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.

At Seton Hall University School of Law, Allison was an Articles Editor for the Seton Hall Law Review. Allison also interned for Chief Judge Garrett E. Brown (Ret.) of the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey while in law school.